Sci-Tech

Science and Technology Notes to Prepare for UPSC Online

Section 1: Physics articles for Civil Services Preparation

• Systems of Units Measurement
• Optics – Mirrors & Lenses
• Fiber Optics & Laser
• Basics of Mechanics
• Waves & Oscillations
• Properties of Solids
• Fluids Mechanics
• Heat & Thermodynamics
• Electricity & Magnetism
• Modern Physics
• Space & Astronomical Science
• Cern & Higgs Boson particle

Section 2: Chemistry articles for Civil Services Preparation

• Properties of Matter
• Mixtures, Solutions & Chemical Processes
• Atoms and Molecules
• Metals, Non Metals, Acids and Bases
• Alloys, Hardness of Water & Important Chemical Compounds
• Environmental Chemistry & Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
• Biotechnology, Vitamins, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acid
• Prominent Elements & Compounds

Section 3: Defence & Technology articles for Civil Services Preparation

• Nobel Prize
• Solar System & Planets
• Types of Satellites
• Types of Satellite Orbits
• Launch Vehicles for Satellites & Space Probes
• Mars Orbiter Mission India (Mangalyaan)
• IRNSS, GAGAN, GSAT, ASTROSAT
• INO, PROVe, TOPs, NISAR
• Missiles India
• Indian Navy Warships Projects
• Thirty Meter Telescope, SMAP, GOCE, MAST
• India’s Three Stage Nuclear Programme

✅ 10 Key Points on Sci-Tech (Science and Technology) in India:

1. Strategic Importance of Sci-Tech:

   • Key enabler for economic growth, defense, healthcare, agriculture, and sustainable development.

2. Space Technology:

   • ISRO’s achievements in launching satellites, Mars Orbiter Mission, Chandrayaan, Gaganyaan, and promoting commercial space ventures.

3. Digital Revolution:

   • Initiatives like Digital India, 5G rollout, National Quantum Mission, and Artificial Intelligence applications are transforming governance, industry, and services.

4. Biotechnology:

   • Advancements in genomics, vaccines (COVID-19 indigenous vaccines), genetic engineering, and biopharmaceuticals.

5. Green Energy & Environment Tech:

   • Focus on renewable energy (solar, wind), green hydrogen mission, electric vehicles, and climate resilience technologies.

6. Defense & Strategic Tech:

   • Development of indigenous defense systems like DRDO missiles, Tejas aircraft, UAVs, and cyber defense capabilities.

7. Agriculture & Food Security Technologies:

   • Use of drones, precision farming, biotech seeds, and climate-smart agriculture to boost productivity.

8. Healthcare Innovations:

   • Telemedicine, AI-based diagnostics, indigenous medical devices, and innovations in pharma and medical research.

9. Start-up & Innovation Ecosystem:

   • India is among the top countries for startups and unicorns, with focus on deep tech, clean tech, and agri-tech.

10. Way Forward:

    • Promote STEM education, research & development investments, public-private partnerships, and technology for inclusive development.

11. National Missions in Sci-Tech:

    • Government-led missions like Make in India, Atmanirbhar Bharat, Smart Cities Mission, and National Innovation Foundation emphasize self-reliance through technology.

12. Scientific Research Institutions:

    • Key bodies like CSIR, ICMR, DRDO, ISRO, BARC, and IISc play crucial roles in R&D, contributing to both civilian and defense technologies.

13. Indigenous Innovations:

    • Indigenous development of supercomputers (PARAM series), C-DAC’s contributions, and indigenous 5G infrastructure highlight technological capabilities.

14. Artificial Intelligence & Robotics:

    • India is focusing on AI strategy, robotics in healthcare and industry, and machine learning applications across sectors.

15. Nanotechnology:

    • Emerging applications in medicine, energy storage, agriculture, and defense are expanding rapidly through national nanotechnology initiatives.

16. Internet of Things (IoT) & Smart Tech:

    • Integration of IoT in agriculture, smart homes, smart grids, and industry 4.0 to improve efficiency and sustainability.

17. Blockchain & FinTech Revolution:

    • Blockchain technology is being applied in supply chain management, finance, land records, and cryptocurrencies (with regulatory challenges).

18. Cyber Security Challenges & Preparedness:

    • With digital growth, India faces increased cyber threats, prompting enhanced cyber security frameworks and national cyber security policies.

19. Scientific Literacy & STEM Education:

    • Emphasis on STEM education, Atal Tinkering Labs, and scientific temper promotion to nurture innovation from the grassroots level.

20. International Collaboration in Sci-Tech:

    • India collaborates with countries and bodies like NASA, CERN, BRICS, SCO, QUAD, and International Solar Alliance (ISA) for joint research and global tech leadership.

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