Maratha
Shivaji (1627 – 1680)
- Born at Shivner (Father > Shahji Bhosale, Mother > Jija Bai)
- Inherited Jagir of Poona from his father in 1637
- Continuous fight with Aurangzeb
- Shaishta khan captured Poona, but Shivaji reclaimed it
- Aurangzeb sent Raja jai Singh of Amber, who besieged Purander fort > Treaty of Purander, 1665
- Treaty of Purander > Shivaji surrendered 23 / 35 forts to Mughals & said to be loyal to Mughal empire.
- In 1674, Shivaji recaptured all his lost territory & crowned himself at Raigarh assuming the title of Chhtrapati
Administration
- King was pivot at the center, led by COM’s called “Astapradhan”
- Peshwa >Finance & General administrator (Later became PM)
- Amatya > Accountant General
- Sar – i – Naubat / Senapati > Military commander
- Waqnavis > Intelligence & Household affairs
- Sachiv > Correspondence
- Sumanta > Master of ceremonies
- Nyayadhish > Justice Chief
- Pandit Rao > Charities & Religious admin
- Appointed his own revenue official “Karkuns” diminishing the power of existing Deshmukhs & Kulkarnis
Taxes
- From neighboring kingdoms of Mughals & Deccan
- Chauth > 1 / 4 of the land revenue to Marathas (for not attacking them & keeping safe)
- Deshmukhis > levy of 1/10 on lands Marathas claimed hereditary rights (Maratha land)
Peshwas (1713 – 1818)
- Balaji Vishvanath > under Maratha ruler Shahu
- Baji Rao > under Maratha ruler Shahu
- Balaji Baji Rao > became King & ruler of Marathas (Shahu Died)
Agreement with Mughals
- Balaji Bajirao came into agreement with Mughals in 1752
- Protection of Mughals in exchange of revenue (Chauth) from Northern provinces
3rd Battle of Panipat
- Ahmed Shah Abdali vs Balaji Bajirao
- When Ahmed Shah Abdali invaded India, Marathas fought for Mughals.
- Balaji Bajirao got defeated & died in 3rd battle of Panipat.
For more updates, explore the Ancient India History. Feel free to share your thoughts and comments.
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6 comments
thankyou very much to share the knowledge.
I was not knowing the writer of this article. But Thank you for giving such simplified news.
With the help of your work, i can simply gothrough the overview of marthas in just 3 mints.
Thank you sir. Its very useful material. Please do it for Economy and Polity also.
Will do soon, currently writing Geography articles!
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sir, really u r doing a tremendous work for the ias aspirants.head off to u sir