Maratha

Maratha

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Maratha

Shivaji (1627 – 1680)

  • Born at Shivner (Father Shahji Bhosale, Mother  Jija Bai)
  • Inherited Jagir of Poona from his father in 1637
  • Continuous fight with Aurangzeb
  • Shaishta khan captured Poona, but Shivaji reclaimed it
  • Aurangzeb sent Raja jai Singh of Amber, who besieged Purander fort Treaty of Purander, 1665
  • Treaty of Purander Shivaji surrendered 23 / 35 forts to Mughals & said to be loyal to Mughal empire.
  • In 1674, Shivaji recaptured all his lost territory & crowned himself at Raigarh assuming the title of Chhtrapati

Administration

  • King was pivot at the center, led by COM’s called “Astapradhan”
  • Peshwa → Finance & General administrator (Later became PM)
  • Amatya → Accountant General
  • Sar – i – Naubat / Senapati → Military commander
  • Waqnavis → Intelligence & Household affairs
  • Sachiv → Correspondence
  • Sumanta → Master of ceremonies
  • Nyayadhish → Justice Chief
  • Pandit Rao → Charities & Religious admin
  • Appointed his own revenue official “Karkuns” diminishing the power of existing Deshmukhs & Kulkarnis

Maratha Empire 1795

Taxes

  • From neighboring kingdoms of Mughals & Deccan
  • Chauth 1 / 4 of the land revenue to Marathas (for not attacking them & keeping safe)
  • Deshmukhislevy of 1/10 on lands Marathas claimed hereditary rights (Maratha land)

Peshwas (1713 – 1818)

  • Balaji Vishvanath under Maratha ruler Shahu
  • Baji Rao under Maratha ruler Shahu
  • Balaji Baji Rao became King & ruler of Marathas (Shahu Died)

Agreement with Mughals

  • Balaji Bajirao came into agreement with Mughals in 1752
  • Protection of Mughals in exchange of revenue (Chauth) from Northern provinces

3rd Battle of Panipat

  • Ahmed Shah Abdali vs Balaji Bajirao
  • When Ahmed Shah Abdali invaded India, Marathas fought for Mughals.
  • Balaji Bajirao got defeated & died in 3rd battle of Panipat.
6 comments
  1. I was not knowing the writer of this article. But Thank you for giving such simplified news.
    With the help of your work, i can simply gothrough the overview of marthas in just 3 mints.

  2. sir really u r doing a tremendous work for the ias aspirants.really head off to u for ur selfless work………..

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