Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1672)

• Prominent languages > Kannada, Telegu, Sanskrit
• Consist of four major dynasties viz.

• Sangam Dynasty
• Saluva Dynasty
• Tulva Dynasty
• Aravidu Dynasty

Sangam Dynasty

• Founded by Harihara & Bukka
• Greatest Ruler Devaraya 2 > Srirangam Copper Plate inscription ascribed to him

Saluva Dynasty

• Founded by Saluva Narsimha

Tulva Dynasty

• Founded by Vir Narsimha
• Greatest Ruler Krishanadeva Raya

• Friendly with Portuguese
• Known as Andhra Bhoja
• Patronized 8 eminent scholars in his court (Astadiggaja)
• Greatest of them was Peddana (Also known as Andhra Kavita Pitamah)

Literature

• Pedanna wrote Manucharitam, Harikatha Saram (both in Telegu)
• Krishanadeva Raya wrote: Amukhamaldaya (Telegu), Jambavti kalyanam + Ushaparinayam (Sanskrit)

Architecture by Krishanadeva Raya

• Vitthalswami & Hazara Ramswami Temple @ Vijayanagar @ Hamphi
• Built city Nagalapuram in memory of her queen Nagaladevi

Points of Prominence (Vijayanagar Empire)

• Sangam Dynasty > Saivite with Chief Deity – Virupaksha
• Other Dynasties > Vaisnavite (Saluva, Tuluva & Aravidu) mainly follower of Ramanujam
• Tolerant towards other religions > Borbosa referred to religious freedom to everyone.
• Madurvijayam > Written by Ganagadevi for Kumarkampana’s expedition of Madurai.
• Abdul Razzak (Persian traveler) gave an account of Vijayanagar Empire

Vijaynagar empire was divided in to Mandalams (Headed by Mandaleshwara / nayaks), which was further divided into Nadus, which was further divided into Sthalas & finally into Gramas

Empire —- Mandalams —– Nadus —– Sthalas —– Grama

• Land revenue was 1/6^th of the produce.
• Gold coin > Varaha
• Port > Connanore (Malabar Coast)

Foreign Travelers

• Ibn Batuta > Moroccan
• Nicolo-de-Conti > Venetian
• Abdul Razzak > Persian
• Domingos Paes > Portuguese

Temple Building Style of Vijayanagar Empire

• Vesara style of temple architecture > Tall gopurams with large kalyanmandapam along with pillars
• Example > Vradhraja & Ekam Parantha temple @ Kanchipuram
• Famous Elephant chariot architecture belongs to Hampi Ruins

For more updates, explore the Ancient India History. Feel free to share your thoughts and comments.

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