Ghaznavids > Mahmud of Gazni & Muhammad Ghori
Ghaznavids (1000 – 1200 AD)
- Islam > Founded in Mecca by prophet muhammad (622 AD)
- 622 AD > Starting point of Muslim calender
- Later, Profet moved to Madina & this Muslim era was called Hijra
- Followers of prophet set up an empire known as Caliphate
- Umayyads & Abbasids were called Caliphs (Arabs)
Mahmud of Gazni
- Around 900 AD, Caliphate declined & Turkish established independent kingdoms
- Mahmud of Gazni is said to have made 17 raids to India, mainly aimed at rich temples & cities of North India
- North Indian frontier Hindu Shahi kingdom of Jayapala (Punjab to Kabul) was defeated in 1001 AD
- His successor Anandpala also got defeated in battle of Waihind (1008 AD).
- In battle of Waihind, Anandpala was supported by Rulers of Kannauj & Rajasthan; as a result Mahmud got his rule established over almost all over Punjab.
Famous Poets Patronized by Mahmud of Gazni
- Firdausi > Wrote Shahnamah
- Alberuni > Wrote Kitab-i-Hind
Muhammad Ghori
- After death of Mahmud, Ghori succeeded to the throne of Ghazni
- In 1186, He attacked Punjab & captured it from “Khusro Malik”, annexing it to his dominions
- Realizing the urgency of situation, North Indian Hindu princes formed a confederacy under the command of Prithvi Raj Chauhan
- Prithvi raj chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori in Battle of Tarain, near Delhi in 1191
- Again, Muhammad Ghori gathered a vast army & sent message to Prithvi raj chauhan to be a Muslim & accept his supremacy, but Chauhan rejected his terms.
- In 1192, in 2nd battle of Tarain, Prithvi raj Chauhan was captured & killed, marking the establishment of 1st Muslim kingdom rule over Ajmer in India
- Muhammad Ghori returned to Ghazni leaving his general Qutubuddin Aibak to make further conquests in India > Aibak captured Delhi & Meerut and in 1193
- Ghori invaded Jayachandra “Ruler of Kannauj” in battle of Chandwar or Ghardawala & annexed it, setting Turkish rule in North India
Delhi Sultanet
Muslim invasion in India resulted in establishment of Delhi Sultanet (1206 – 1526) which mainly consisted of 5 different dynasties.
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| Dynasty | Prominent Rulers |
| Slave dynasty | Qutubuddin Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultana, Balban |
| Khilji dynasty | Jalaluddin Khalji, Alaunddin Khalji |
| Tughlaq dynasty | Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Muhammad – Bin – Tughlaq, Firoz Tughlaq |
| Sayyid dynasty | Khirz khan, Alam Shah |
| Lodi dynasty | Bahlol lodi, Sikandar lodi, Ibrahim Lodi |
🛡️ Mahmud of Ghazni (r. 997–1030 AD)
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Ruler of Ghazni (in present-day Afghanistan)
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Conducted 17 invasions of India, mainly for wealth and spreading Islam
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Famously attacked Somnath Temple in Gujarat
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Did not establish a permanent empire in India, but weakened North Indian kingdoms
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Patron of art and learning — supported scholars like Al-Biruni
🛡️ Muhammad Ghori (r. 1173–1206 AD)
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Ruler of the Ghurid Empire, based in present-day Afghanistan
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Defeated Prithviraj Chauhan in the Second Battle of Tarain (1192)
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Laid the foundation of Muslim rule in North India
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His general Qutb-ud-din Aibak established the Delhi Sultanate after his death
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Unlike Mahmud, Ghori aimed at territorial expansion and administration
For more updates, explore the Ancient India History. Feel free to share your thoughts and comments.
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2 comments
thankyou very much to share the knowledge.
It is the End Times for the Dindoo Hinoo ! Nanak met Babar and blessed him ! He did not warn Babar not to pillage the Hindoos !
The Hindoos got what they deserved – and even Nanak did not try to stop or caution Babar ! dindooohindoo
Y ?
Nanak knew the worth of Hindoo evil !
Net Result ! Babar pillaged the Hindoo Filth and was rewarded with a son – Akbar !
Nanak asks his God – Did you feel no pity ? And the Lord did not give a damn !
That same time beckons Pakistan – the pedigreed lineage of Babar ! dindooohindoo
ONE UNIVERSAL CREATOR GOD. BY THE GRACE OF THE TRUE GURU:AASAA, SIXTH HOUSE, FIRST MEHL:
|| 4 || 4 || 38 || AASAA, FIRST MEHL: Having attacked Khuraasaan, “Baabar terrified Hindustan”. The Creator Himself does not take the blame, but has sent the “Mugal as the messenger death”. There was so much slaughter that the people screamed. “Didn’t You feel compassion”, Lord?
Y did the “tantric rites” of the Dindoo Hindoo Gandoo,”not save them” ?
RAAG AASAA, FIRST MEHL, ASHTAPADEES, THIRD HOUSE:
ONE UNIVERSAL CREATOR GOD. BY THE GRACE OF THE TRUE GURU:
|q| 3 || Millions of religious leaders failed to halt the invader, when they heard of the Emperor?s invasion.He burned the rest-houses and ‘the ancient temples”; he “cut the princes limb from limb”, and cast them into the dust. None of the Mugals “went blind, and no one performed any miracle”.
Y did Allah not save the “RajFooFoot”?
|| 5 || The Hindu women, the Muslim women, the Bhattis and the “Rajputs – some had their robes torn away, from head to foot”, while others came to dwell in the cremation ground. Their “husbands did not return home” and how did they pass their night ?
|| 6 || The Creator Himself acts, and “causes others to act”. Unto whom should we complain?
The Sad Truth – The Lord did nothing – the “DindooHindoo scum got what they deserved” ! The same
“would have been done” by “Abraham and Solomon and David”
“Ghazni/Babar and the Mughals”, did nothing which Abraham, David and Solomon, did “not do or would not have done”
They all followed the “Old Testament” !