Electrical Engineering Syllabus UPSC Mains

Electrical Engineering Syllabus Paper – I

Circuit Theory → Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods → nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis → RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits; Two-port networks.

Signals & Systems → Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

E.M. Theory → Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line → travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.

Analog Electronics → Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits → clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers → single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequencyresponse of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators → criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.

Digital Electronics → Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combina-tional circuits → arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits → latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

Energy Conversion → Principles of electromechanical energy conversion → Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines → characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors; Transformers → principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines → characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control.

Power Electronics and Electric Drives → Semiconductor power devices → diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters → fullycontrolled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DCDC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac Motor drives applications of variablespeed drives.

Analog Communication → Random variables → continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise → white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation → Amplitude modulation → DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation → PM & FM signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system → Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

Electrical Engineering Syllabus Paper – II

Control Systems → Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop & closedloop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems → time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability → Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bodeplots and polar plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. Statevariable representation and analysis of control systems.

Microprocessors and Microcomputers → PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register set, timing diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.

Measurement and Instrumentation → Error analysis; measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring instruments → multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyzer, distortion-meter. Transducers → thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-gauge, piezo-electric crystal.

Power Systems → Analysis and Control → Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symme-trical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability → swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.

Power System Protection → Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit breakers. Computer aided protection → Introduction; line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.

Digital Communication → Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes → amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding → error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.