Properties of Solids

Hooks law

• Stress imposed on a solid is directly proportional to the strain produced, within the elastic limit.
• Stress = k * strain (Where k is modulus of elasticity )

Stress Strain Curve

The relationship between the stress and strain that a particular material displays is known as that particular material’s stress–strain curve.

• It is unique for each material and is found by recording the amount of deformation (strain) at distinct intervals of tensile or compressive loading (stress).
• These curves reveal many of the properties of a material (including data to establish the Modulus of Elasticity, E)

Stress–strain curves of various materials vary widely, and different tensile tests conducted on the same material yield different results, depending upon the temperature of the specimen and the speed of the loading. It is possible, however, to distinguish some common characteristics among the stress–strain curves of various groups of materials and, on this basis, to divide materials into two broad categories; namely, the ductile materials and the brittle materials

• Till yield point hooks law is valid & body remains elastic
• Within yield region (red region), stress & strain are not proportional but body still remains elastic (Known as yield point, Elastic limit & yield strength of the material
• From yield point to ultimate tensile strength strain increases rapidly even with a small change in stress. Body does not regains its shape & size fully & gets deformed permanently
• If Ultimate tensile strength & fracture point are closed → Material is brittle & if far away, then the material is ductile

Some Basic terms used in properties of solids