Cheras, Cholas & Pandyas
“During Sangam age south India was ruled by 3 dynasties namely Cheras, Cholas & Pandyas”
Cheras (Keralaputras)
| Capital → Vanji | Seaports → Muziri & Tondi | Emblem → Bow |
- Roman Temple of Augustus (Later destroyed by Tipu)
- Greatest Ruler: Senguttuvan (Red/Good Chera)
- Trade: Pepper (Yavanpriya) + Jackfruit with Romans
Cholas (Cholamandam)
| Emblem → Tiger | Chief crop → Paddy |
- Greatest Ruler: Karikala → Founded Puhar (Kaveripatanam) → Capital on river Kaveri
- Seaport → Puhar (became center of commerce & trade)
- Uraipur: Chief Political Center Famous for Cotton trade
Pandyas
| Emblem → Carp | Chief crop → Paddy |
- Founded by a woman king
- Patronized Sangam assembly at capital Madurai
- Famous for its pearls trade
Imp. features of 3 Kingdoms
- Major Revenue Source: Agriculture + Trade (Custom duty) + Warbooty
- Main influence of Brahamans → (Sacrifices + Dakshina) Prominent
- Primary Deity → Seyon / Murugan / Known as Subramaniyam in medieval times along with other gods worshipped were Vishnu & Indra
| Ruling class | Arasar |
| Lowest class | Kadaisiyar |
| Military captains | Enadi |
| Rich Peasants | Vellasem |
| Agricultural labours | Pariyars (who worked in animal skin) |
- Artisans were organized in Shrenis acc. to work which had judicial power over them & can issue loans to workers.
- Chief exports were Cotton fabric, Pepper (Yavanpriya), Ivory, Cardamom, Pearl, Cinnamon & Precious stones & chief imports were Gold, Horses, sweet wines & Coins (Gold & Silver)
- In north, Mathura was famous for a special kind of cloth called “Shataka”.
iasmania
3 comments
chola nadu pattri many news venum
Amazing Notes…
A Big Thankuuuu sir
sir y notes hindi m provides ho skte h kya
bcz some of hindi medium student facing problem to understand