Prominent Elements & Compounds
Carbon & Its Compounds
| Catenation | Self-linking property to form a long chain |
| Carbon Black | Soot obtained when NG, Kerosene, Petroleum etc. are burnt in limited supply of air |
| Coke | By destructive distillation of coal |
| Wood Charcoal | Strong heating of coal in limited supply of air |
| Sugar Charcoal | By Action of H2SO4 on cane sugar |
| Animal Charcoal | By Heating bones in absence of air |
Allotropy
- A chemical element is said to exhibit allotropy when it occurs in two or more forms in the same physical state; the forms are called allotropes.
- Allotropes generally differ in physical properties such as color and hardness; they may also differ in molecular structure or chemical activity, but are usually alike in most chemical properties.
Allotropes of Carbon
| Diamond |
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| Graphite |
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| Buckminster fullerene (C 60) |
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| Graphene |
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| Amorphous carbon |
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| Carbon nanotubes |
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Prominent Elements & Compounds
| Chlorine | Disinfectant of water |
| Liquid Hydrogen | Used as rocket fuel |
| Zinc | Used in Galvanising iron to prevent it from rusting |
| AgCl & AgBr | Used in black & white photography (Photo chromatic glass) |
| Cr & Ni | Mfg of stainless steel & electroplating of iron (Ni prohibits magnet prop. of iron) |
| Lead | Used in car batteries |
| Zirconium | Used to make bullet proof alloy steel |
| Hydrogen | Manufacturing of Vanaspati ghee |
| Neon Gas | Used in advertising signs |
| Argon gas | Filled in light bulbs to prevent tungsten filament from reacting |
| Cesium | Used in photoelectric cells |
| Beryllium | Used in making windows of X rays |
| Lithium Bromide | Acts as a sedative |
| Lithium chloride | To regulate humidity in air conditioning plant |
| Boron fibres | Used to make bullet proof vests & aircraft material |
| Aluminium Powder | Used in flashlights for indoor photography |
| Borosilicate | Pyrex glass – Heat & Shock resistant |
| Ceramics | Aluminosilicates (Clay + Sand + Feldspar) |
| Silver paint | Aluminium powder + Linseed oil |
| HF | Used to etch glass & manufacturing of glass shell for TV tubes |
| Helium | Used in filling Balloons |
| Oxygen + Helium | Used in artificial respirations in deep sea diving |
| Radon | Treatment of cancer, X rays Photography |
| Keratome | Diamond knife, used by eye surgeons to remove cataract from eyes |
| Isomers | Same chemical formula but different structure (n butane & iso-butane) |
| Ethene | Used in ripening of fruits |
| LPG | Mixture of n-butane & iso-butane with small amount of ethane & propane |
| Blue flame | Complete burning of fuel (full oxygen supply) |
| Yellow flame | Incomplete combustion of flame |
| CNG | Mainly CH4 |
| Biodiesel | Used as diesel additive (Veg oil + animal fat) |
| Universe | Hydrogen (91 %) > Helium (9 %) |
| Human Body | Hydrogen (60.5 %) > Oxygen (25.5 %) |
| Earth Crust | Oxygen (60 %) > Silicon (20 %) > Aluminium (6 %) |
| Nitrogen |
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| Sulfur |
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| Ozone |
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| Zeolites |
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| Cement |
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| Glass |
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Rarest, Heaviest & Most
| Rarest | Astatine | Most abundant element in the Universe | Hydrogen |
| Lightest | Hydrogen | Most abundant element in the human body | Hydrogen |
| Heaviest Natural | Uranium | Most abundant element in the Earth crust | Oxygen |
| Heaviest Density wise | Osmium | Most abundant metallic element in the earth’s crust | Aluminum |
| Most Malleable | Gold | First artificial element | Technetium |
| Most Ductile | Gold | Heaviest gaseous element | Radon |
| Most Conductive | Silver | lightest metal element | Lithium |
| Most Electronegative | Fluorine | Least dense metal | Lithium |
iasmania
1 comment
There’s a mistake in human body content. it should be oxygen>carbon>hydrogen