Metals, Non Metals, Acids and Bases
Metals
- Malleable, Ductile & Good conductor of electricity
- High melting & boiling points (Except Na & K)
- Lustrous, Hard (Except Na & K) & Solid at room temp. (Except Hg)
- Forms cations or positive ions for ex. lithium batteries as used in cell phones
Metalloids
- Have some properties of metal & some of non-metals
- For ex. Boron, Silicon, Germanium
Non Metals
- Forms anions except NH3+ & H+
- Iodine is a non-metal but lustrous
- Diamond – Purest form of carbon, hardest natural substance, good conductor of heat
- Graphite – Good conductor of electricity (used in electrodes)
Acids & Indicator Dyes
Acids
| Forms H+ ion in presence of water | Reacts with metals to form Hydrogen |
| Reacts with bases to form salt & water | Sour taste, Ph < 7 |
| Citric Acid – Lemon, Orange | Acetic Acid – Vinegar |
| Lactic acid – Sour milk, Curd | Tartaric acid – Tamarind, Raw grapes |
| Oxalic acid – Tomatoes | Formic acid – Ant sting, Nettle leaf sting |
Indicators – Dyes which give different colors in acids and bases
| Indicator | Color in Acid | Color in Base | Color |
| Litmus | Red | Blue | Purple |
| Red Cabbage | Red | Green | Red |
| Methyl orange | Red | Yellow | Orange |
| Turmeric | Yellow | Red | Yellow |
| Phenolphthalein | Colorless | Pink | Colorless |
Olfactory Indicators – Based on Smell
- Vanilla – No smell in presence of a base but natural smell in presence of an acid
- Onion – No smell in presence of a base but natural smell in presence of an acid
Type of Reactions
| Exothermic Reactions |
|
| Endothermic Reactions |
|
| Oxidation Reaction |
|
| Reduction Reaction |
|
| Rancity | foul smell on oxidation of food material prepared in oil or ghee, when left in open for a long time |
| Matters can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction i.e. no. of atoms on LHS = no. of atoms on RHS | |
Important Acids and Bases
| Nitric Acid |
|
| Gastric Juice |
|
| Antacids |
|
| Amphoteric Oxides |
|
| Aqua Regia |
|
| K, Na & Li |
|
| CaCO3 |
|
| Sodium |
|
| NH3 + |
|
For more updates, explore the Sci Tech. Feel free to share your thoughts and comments.
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