Civil Services in India

The Civil Services of India runs the entire administration of the country. The elected ministers of India lay down the policies required to properly run the administrative machinery, which is then carried out by the civil servants in various central government agencies.

Central services by central government → UPSC
State services by state Government → State PSC
Common services to Union & States → All India Services.

All India Services

Serve centre as well as states; recruited by ministry of personnel in consultation with UPSC
Are under direct control of ministry for ex. IAS, IPS, IFS
If Rajya sabha passes a resolution supported by not less than 2/3^rd of members present & voting, then Parliament may by law provide for creation of one or more all India services (Including All India Judicial services → 42^nd amendment)

All 3 Services

Member of AISs or Central services hold office during the pleasure of President & in case of state services, of governor
President / Governor may provide for compensation if →

Post is abolished before expiration of contractual period

He is required to vacate the post for reasons not connected with misconduct on his part

Safeguard of Civil Servants

No person holding a civil post under Union or states shall be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to appointing authority
No such person is reduced, dismissed or removed in rank except after an enquiry in which he has been informed of the charges against him & given a reasonable opportunity of being heard wrt those charges

Union Public service commission

Chairman (appointed by President)
Members (Decided by President → Not Fixed)
1/2 of the members of commission should be such persons, who have held the office for atleast 10 years, either under GOI or state government

Duration → 6 years / 65 years

Removal → By President on following terms

Guilty of misbehaviour or holds office of profit
Adjudged insolvent
Engages in paid employment outside duties of his office

State or Joint Public service commission

State PSC → Chairman + Members → appointed by Governor.

Joint PSC → Chairman + Members → appointed by President.

Joint PSC → 2 or more states agree to have joint PSC, provided a resolution to the effect, passed by legislature of these states in parliament.

Duration → 6 years or 62 years of age

Points of Prominence

UPSC, if requested by governor, may with approval of President agree to act for a state
Half of the members of every PSC are the officials, who have held the government office (union or state) for atleast 10 years
All PSCs are only advisory in nature
Chairman & members of Joint & state PSC can be removed from the office by only the orders of the President
Governor only has power to pass an interim order of suspension, pending the final order of President on report of SC