Scheduled & Tribal Areas (Article 244)

Article 244 (1) > Provisions of 5^th schedule shall apply to administration & control of schedule areas in every state other than Meghalaya, Tripura, Assam & Mizoram

Article 244 (2) > Provisions of 6^th schedule shall apply to administration & control of tribal areas of Meghalaya, Tripura, Assam, & Mizoram

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5^th Schedule > Administration of Scheduled Areas

- Governor of each state having scheduled areas have to submit a report to the President annually or whenever so required by the President
- Executive powers of union extend to giving directions to the state regarding administration of these areas
- A tribal advisory council consisting of not more than 20 members should be established in each state having scheduled areas therein, for their advancement & welfare
Governor is empowered to direct that any particular act of parliament or state government does not apply to scheduled areas or if applied, then with specific modifications & exceptions
Constitution provides for appointment of a commission to report on administration of scheduled areas & welfare of scheduled tribes in the state. President can appoint such commission at any time but compulsorily after 10 years from commencement of constitution

6^th Schedule > Administration of Tribal areas

- Tribal areas in state of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura & Mizoram have been constituted as autonomous districts (i.e., falls under the executive authority of state concerned)
- President at any time by order direct that whole or any specified part of schedule area ceases to be a scheduled area or may increase the scheduled area in state after the consultation with the governor of the state
- If there are different tribes in an autonomous district, governor can divide the district into several autonomous regions
Each autonomous district has a district council of 30 members + each autonomous region also has a separate regional council
District & Regional councils are empowered to assess & collect land revenue & impose certain specified taxes
Governor can appoint a commission to examine & report of any matter relating to administration of autonomous district of regions.
He may also dissolve a district or regional council on the recommendation of appointed commission.

Also read: Union Territories – India

Famous Tribes of India

Jarawa, Onge, Sentinelese	Andman
Shorn Pens, Holchu	Nicobar
Palaeo Mongoloids	Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur.
Tibeto -Mongoloids	Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh
Mundas, Santhals, Oraons	Chhotanagpur Plateau
Gonds, Kondhs	Central Vindhyachal + Deccan Plateau
Gaddi, Kinner, Phangwal, Lahuli	Himachal Pradesh
Jaunsari, Bhotia, Raji, Buxa, Tharu	Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
Anal, Chiru and Konkanas + Kollam	Maharashtra
Mala and Savara tribes	West Bengal
Bhuiya tribe	Madhya Pradesh
Banjaras, Moghias and Sathiyas	Rajasthan
Bhil + Maldhari (Gir lions)	Gujrat
Oraon, Munda, Chero, Parchaiya, Santhal, Asuras	Bihar
Bhuiya, Baiga, Dharua, Gaaro, Ho, Koli, Lodha	Orissa
Bakarwal	J & K
Oorali, Sholagar, Irular and Badaga	TN
Hakki-Pikki, Korgas, Kurubas, Soliga	Karnataka
Kadars, Irulars , Paniyans, Korgas, ooralis	Kerala

Article 244 of the Indian Constitution provides for the administration of Scheduled and Tribal Areas through the Fifth and Sixth Schedules.
The Fifth Schedule applies to Scheduled Areas in mainland India, mainly in states like Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh.
The Sixth Schedule applies to Tribal Areas in the North-East, covering Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura.
Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) under the Sixth Schedule have legislative, judicial, and executive powers in specified matters.
These provisions aim to preserve tribal culture, ensure self-governance, and promote socio-economic development in tribal regions.

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