🔁 Reproduction – Types & Importance
Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms produce offspring. It ensures continuity of species.
| Type | Description | Examples |
| Asexual | Single parent, no gametes, identical copy | Binary fission (Amoeba), budding (Yeast) |
| Sexual | Two parents, fusion of gametes, variation | Humans, Animals, Plants |
🧬 Heredity – Passing Traits from Parents to Offspring
Heredity is the transmission of genetic traits from parents to their offspring.
Key Concepts:
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Gene: Unit of heredity
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Allele: Variant of a gene
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Dominant trait: Expressed when present
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Recessive trait: Masked in presence of dominant allele
🌱 Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics, discovered how traits are passed on using pea plants.
| Law | Meaning |
| Law of Dominance | Dominant allele masks the recessive one |
| Law of Segregation | Alleles separate during gamete formation |
| Law of Independent Assortment | Traits are inherited independently |
🧠 DNA – The Blueprint of Life
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DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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Double helix structure (discovered by Watson & Crick)
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Carries genetic information via four nitrogen bases: A, T, G, C
✅ 5 Key Points on Reproduction and Heredity
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Reproduction ensures species survival through offspring generation—either by asexual or sexual means.
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Heredity explains why children resemble parents, through gene transfer.
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Mendel’s experiments laid the foundation of classical genetics.
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Sexual reproduction creates variation, which is essential for evolution.
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DNA contains the instructions that control cell function and heredity.
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