Indian Philosophy

Indian Philosophy forms the 50% part of Paper 1 of Philosophy optional in civil services. Given below are the philosophy articles which will surely help you to get a good grasp of Indian Philosophy.

A Note On Indian Philosophy

Jainism & Buddhism Form the Heterodox Schools (nastika) of Indian Philosophy which defied the authority of Vedas; and took the more pragmatic & rational view of human life.

Jainism Philosophy
Buddhism Philosophy

6 Indian Philosophy Schools which believed in authority of Vedas were termed as astika (orthodox) schools – Nyaya, Vaishesika, Yoga, Samkhya, Mimamsa & Vedanata – Vedic system of thoughts.

Vedic School itself consist of the several school of thoughts like Samkara School, Ramanuja School, Madhva School etc.

Samkhya Philosophy
Yoga School Philosophy – (Neo Samkhya)
Nyaya School Philosophy
Vaisheshika School Philosophy
Charvaka Philosophy
Mimamsa Philosophy
Vedanta Philosophy – Shankaracharya, Ramanuja
Vedanta Philosophy – Madhavacharya Dvaitvada

Aurobindo Ghosh Philosophy in Indian Philosophy system mainly is the integration of all Indian & Western school of thoughts; which he propounded in his Philosophy of Integral Yoga.

Aurobindo Philosophy & Integral Yoga

Dr Surendranath Dasgupta’s in-depth work is mainly intended to provide a holistic exposition of Indian thought, based on original texts and commentaries. Occasionally, however, the author has discussed the views of other writers in the assessment of the chronology of facts.

Years of dedicated study and painstaking collation of data yielded this phenomenal collection of all the strains of philosophic thought propagated by various schools and philosophers in India down the ages. Originally published in five volumes, the last being posthumous, A History of Indian Philosophy remains a seminal work for scholars and students alike.

This edition presents the original work in three volumes for the first time, making it more accessible and easier to handle. Nothing of the original has been abridged or sacrificed to the book.

Must you have – A History of Indian Philosophy – Vol. 1 – https://amzn.to/3VydWSs

📚 Overview of Indian Philosophy

Indian Philosophy refers to a rich tradition of philosophical thought developed in the Indian subcontinent. It explores questions about reality (metaphysics), knowledge (epistemology), ethics, liberation (moksha), and consciousness.

🕉️ Main Classifications:

Orthodox Systems (Āstika) – Accept the authority of the Vedas

System	Key Focus
Nyāya	Logic and epistemology
Vaiśeṣika	Atomism and categories of reality
Sāṅkhya	Dualism of Purusha (soul) and Prakriti (matter)
Yoga	Practical method for liberation (Patanjali)
Mīmāṁsā	Ritual interpretation of the Vedas
Vedānta	Metaphysics of Brahman and self (Ātman)

Heterodox Systems (Nāstika) – Reject Vedic authority

System	Key Teachings
Cārvāka	Materialism, denial of afterlife
Jainism	Non-violence, karma, many-sided reality
Buddhism	Four Noble Truths, dependent origination

🧠 Key Concepts in Indian Philosophy

Moksha – Liberation from the cycle of birth and death
Karma – Action and its moral consequences
Ātman vs. Anātman – Self in Vedanta vs. no-self in Buddhism
Pramāṇa – Sources of valid knowledge (perception, inference, etc.)

✅ 5 Key Points on Indian Philosophy

Indian philosophy is deeply spiritual and goal-oriented, aiming at moksha (liberation).
It includes both theistic (e.g., Vedanta) and atheistic (e.g., Buddhism, Jainism) schools.
Unlike Western philosophy, it integrates metaphysics, ethics, and psychology closely.
Logic and epistemology are highly developed in schools like Nyāya.
Indian thinkers like Śaṅkara, Nāgārjuna, Mahāvīra, and Patañjali continue to influence global thought.

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