INTRODUCTION
All organisms and functional units of life call ‘cells’. The body of some organisms life bacteria, protozoans and some algae is made up of a single cell while the body of fungi, plants and animals are composed of many cells. Human body is build of about one trillion cells.
Cell vary in size and structure as they are specialized to perform different function. But the basic components of the cell are common to all cells. This lesson deals with the structure common to all types of the cell. You will also learn about the kinds of cell division and the processes involved therein, in this lesson.
OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to
- justify that cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms:
- List the components of the cell and state cell theory:
- differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:
- differentiate between plant and animal cells:
- illustrate the structure of plant and animal cell by drawing labeled diagrams:
- describe the structure and functions of plasma membrane, cell wall, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cilia, flagella, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, golgi body, peroxisome, glyoxysome and lysosome:
- describe the general importance of the cell molecules-water mineral ions, carbohydrate, lipids, amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, enzymes, vitamins, hormones, steroid and alkaloids;
- Justify the need for cell division;
- describe various phases of cell cycles:
- explain the term karyotype and mention the karyotype analysis and its significance.
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